MODAL
AUXILIARY VERB
Pengertian
Modal Auxiliary Verb
Modal
Auxiliary verb adalah
kata yang ditempatkan sebelum main verb (kata kerja utama) untuk memodifikasi makna dari kata
kerja utama tersebut. Fungsinya untuk mengekspresikan willingness
(kemauan) atau ability (kemampuan), necessity (kebutuhan), dan possibility
(kemungkinan).
Beberapa Fungsi dan Contoh Kalimat Modal Auxiliary Verb
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Fungsi
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Contoh
Kalimat Modal Auxiliary Verb
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Can digunakan untuk menyatakan ability (kemampuan)
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You can buy anything with
your money but you can not buy love.
(Kamu dapat membeli apapun dengan uangmu tapi kamu tidak dapat membeli cinta) |
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Modal verb ini dapat digunakan untuk meminta
izin (permission)
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Can I borrow your car for one night?
(Bisakah saya meminjam mobilmu selama satu malam?) |
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Could digunakan untuk menyatakan ability (kemampuan)
dimasa lalu (past).
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You could run faster than
me two years ago.
(Kamu dapat berlari lebih cepat dari saya dua tahun lalu.) |
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Modal verb ini dapat digunakan untuk meminta
izin (permission) untuk melakukan sesuatu dimasa lalu (past) atau masa depan
(future).
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Could I use your computer to print and scan?
(Bolehkah saya memakai komputermu untuk print dan scan?) |
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May
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May untuk menyatakan possibility (kemungkinan) dimasa
sekarang (present) dan masa depan (future).
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He may work out and
consume healthy food every day.
(Dia mungkin berlatih dan mengonsumsi makanan sehat setiap hari.) |
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You may forget the
embarassing incident tomorrow.
(Kamu mungkin melupakan insiden memalukan itu besok.) |
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Modal verb ini untuk meminta izin
(permission) yang lebih formal daripada modal verb can.
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May I go home now?
(Bolehkah saya pulang sekarang?) |
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Might
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Sama seperti may, modal
verb ini digunakan untuk menyatakan possibility (kemungkinan)
dimasa sekarang (present) dan masa depan (future)[1].
Might dapat ditambahkan primary auxiliary verb have untuk menyatakan probability dimasa lalu (past). Modal verb ini digunakan untuk menyatakan hypothetical situation yang terbukti tidak terjadi[2], lain halnya dengan may yang belum terbukti[3]. |
You might forget the
embarassing accident tomorrow.[1]
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The doctor might have
warned you not to eat red meat.[2]
(Dikatakan setelah diketahui fakta: The doctor has not warned–Dokter belum melarang.) |
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The doctor may have
warned you not to eat red meat.[3]
(Faktanya: belum diketahui) |
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Might merupakan bentuk past dari may dimana
digunakan untuk meminta izin (permission) yang lebih formal daripada modal
verb could. Dibanding may, Might lebih tentatif
(tidak pasti) kejadiannya.
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If I have cleaned the room, might
I play with my friend?
(Jika saya sudah membersihkan ruangan, bolehkah saya main dengan teman?) |
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Will untuk menyatakan willingness (kemauan). Willingness
dapat diungkapkan dalam conditional sentence type 1 maupun invitation
(undangan/ajakan).
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I will help you if you help
yourself first.
(Saya akan membantumu jika kamu membantu dirimu sendiri dulu.) |
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Will you marry me?
(Maukah kamu menikah dengan saya?) |
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I’ll give you a glass of
water.
(Saya akan memberimu segelas air.) |
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I think I’ll change my appearance.
(Saya pikir saya akan merubah penampilan.) |
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Will untuk membuat prediksi.
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The sandstorm will come
tonight.
(Badai pasir akan datang nanti malam.) |
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Sama seperti will, modal
verb ini dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan willingness (kemauan),
namun lebih polite (sopan).
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Would you like to see my craft?
(Maukah kamu melihat kerajinan tanganku?) |
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Modal verb ini menyatakan sense
of probability (kemungkinan).
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He would be free tonight.
(Dia akan kosong nanti malam.) |
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Would dipadukan dengan auxiliary have untuk
membentuk conditional sentence type 3. Would disini untuk
menyatakan tindakan yang ingin dilakukan dimasa lalu.
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If you had remembered to invite
me, I would have attended your party.
(Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya menghadiri pestamu.) |
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Shall
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Shall [British English][1] digunakan untuk
menyatakan simple future seperti halnya will namun hanya
digunakan pada first person (orang pertama) I dan we. Shall
[US English][2] jarang digunakan selain untuk polite question
untuk first person.
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We shall overcome it
someday.[1]
(Kita akan mengatasinya suatu hari nanti.) |
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Shall we pay a call him?[2]
(Haruskah kita menjenguknya?) |
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Shall I give you some advice?[2]
(Haruskah saya memberimu beberapa nasehat?) |
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Modal verb ini untuk menyatakan obligation
(kewajiban) pada formal situation (yang dapat berupa legal document
maupun pada saat meeting. Pada situasi ini, baik second maupun third
person dapat digunakan dengan modal verb ini.
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The Human Resource manager shall
report the employee performance.
(HR manager harus melaporkan performansi karyawan.) |
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Should
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Should untuk memberi suggestion (saran) atau advice
(nasehat).
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You should see the doctor.
(Kamu harus ke dokter.) |
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We should meet more often.
(Kita harus bertemu lebih sering.) |
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Must
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Must dipadukan dengan not untuk menyatakan prohibition
(larangan)
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You mustn’t give up.
(Kamu tidak boleh menyerah.) |
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Modal verb ini mengekspresikan obligation
(kewajiban) atau necessity (kebutuhan).
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We must go to bed now.
(Kita harus tidur sekarang.) |
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Ought
to
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Ought to digunakan untuk menyatakan apa
yang benar atau tepat
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I ought to wear high
quality running shoes.
(Saya harus menggunakan sepatu lari berkualitas tinggi.) |
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We ought to select the best
candidate for the job.
(Kita harus memilih kandidat terbaik untuk pekerjaan tsb.) |
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Types of modals
Tags:
form infinitive modals perfect infinitive
Modals include modal verbs, semi-modal
verbs (also called marginal modals) and other modal expressions. They combine
with main verbs and modify their meanings. A modal may have several different
meanings, while similar meanings may be expressed by using different modals:
He can't be at home; I've just met him. (deduction)
Unless you finish your homework, you can't go to the cinema.
(prohibition)
Can I help you? (offer)
May I help you? (offer)
Modal verbs
The modal verbs (or modal auxiliary verbs)
are: can, could, may, might, will, shall, would, should and must.
Modal verbs always come first in a verb phrase and are followed by a bare
infinitive. When used with a perfect infinitive, modal verbs usually refer to
past time:
I could hear the dog barking outside. (modal + simple bare infinitive)
You must be joking. (modal + continuous bare infinitive)
He may have caught the train. (modal + perfect bare infinitive)
You must have been waiting for hours. (modal + perfect continuous bare
infinitive)
Contracted forms of will and would are often used in spoken and in
informal written language ('ll and 'd):
I'd tell you if I knew.
They'll be here soon.
Modal verbs take no -s in the third person singular:
He might be at the office.
Modal verbs form their negative and interrogative like other auxiliaries
and not with do:
I can't swim.
Can you swim?
The following contracted negative forms are often used in spoken and in
informal written language:
cannot » can't
could not » couldn't
might not » mightn't
will not » won't
shall not » shan't
would not » wouldn't
should not » shouldn't
must not » mustn't
Modal verbs have no proper past tense; however, could, would, might and
should may be used to refer to past time:
I could swim when I was five.
Modal verbs have no infinitive, -ing or past participle forms and cannot
be followed by other modal verbs. When necessary, modal idioms or other
expressions are used instead of them:
If you want to be a sailor, you must can swim.
If you want to be a sailor, you must be able to swim.
I have canned swim since the age of five.
I have been able to swim since the age of five.
Semi-modal verbs
The semi-modal verbs (or marginal modals)
are: dare, need, used to and ought to. They behave similarly to modal verbs but
also share some characteristics with main verbs:
How dare she criticise us? (as a modal verb, the interrogative formed
without do)
He didn't dare to look back. (as a main verb, followed by a
to-infinitive and the negative formed with do)
Need you make so much noise? (as a modal verb, the interrogative formed
without do)
You needn't have been so rude. (as a modal verb, the perfect infinitive
used to refer to past time)
Do you need to use the hairdryer? (as a main verb, followed by a
to-infinitive and the interrogative formed with do)
They used to live by the sea. (unlike a modal verb, followed by a
to-infinitive)
You ought to know that by now. (unlike a modal verb, followed by a
to-infinitive)
Other modal expressions
Besides modal verbs and semi-modal verbs,
there are other expressions which can express modal meanings. Some of these are
formed with be:
be able to
be allowed to
be about to
be
bound to
be going to
be likely to
be obliged to
be supposed to
etc.
Other expressions that carry modal meanings
are: be to, had better, have (got) to, would rather.
Modal verbs, semi-modal verbs and other
modal expressions are discussed in detail in the following chapters.
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